G Connecticut juvenile justice

Jurisdictional boundaries ^[3]

States vary in how each sets the basic playing field for juvenile justice with lower and upper age boundaries. State legislatures further create a range of complex exceptions for transfer to criminal court based on case-by-case, age and offense specifics.

• Delinquency age boundaries 2018

  • Upper age

    17 years old

  • Lower age

    7 years old

  • Extended age

    19 years old

• Transfer provisions 2016

  Transfer pathways

  • Discretionary waiver
  • Presumptive waiver
  • Mandatory waiver
  • Statutory exclusion
  • Once/always adult
  • Prosecutor discretion

  Mitigating provisions

  • Reverse waiver (remand)
  • Juvenile blended sentencing
  • Criminal blended sentencing

• Transfer trends

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• State details National comparison

Juvenile defense ^[4]

Much is at stake in a juvenile court action for delinquency, and successful outcomes are influenced by a family's ability to retain effective counsel early-on and retain them until a permanent resolution to all aspects of the legal matter is resolved.

• Defense structure 2017

  • Organization

    Statewide

  • Oversight

    Full oversight

• Waiver of counsel 2014

  Factors for consideration in juvenile justice statutes:

  • Age

  • Crime

  • Hearing

  • Placement

• Indigency requirements 2013

  Indigency determination: Judicially

• State details National comparison

Racial/ethnic fairness ^[1][2][5][6]

Youth of color are overrepresented in many aspects of the juvenile justice system, from arrest to court referral and confinement. Thus a core requirement of federal juvenile justice policy requires each state to identify where disparities may exist.

• Indicator data 2017

  Publishes annual indicators and assessment research.

• DMC coordinators 2016

  Part-time or other state-level staff

• Tribal delinquency jurisdiction 2016

  Shared with: State (other)

• Monitoring data

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  • N/A: Insufficient data to compute arrest rates
  • * Rates used to compute ratio based on fewer than 10 observations
  • † White detained rate is 0
• State details National comparison

Juvenile court

Each state has established a court with juvenile jurisdiction to address the law violating conduct of youth. Explore the structural and procedural differences.

• Judicial selection 2022

  • Elected

  • Appointed

  • Combination

• Judicial specialization 2022

  • All mixed case types

  • Mostly mixed

  • Mostly specialized

• Caseload assignment 2022

  • Mixed assignment methods

  • Individual discretion

  • Statute/State court rules

• Judicial experience, training, and tools 2022

  • Qualification Requirements

  • Required Annual Training

  • Required Risk/Need Assessments and Pre-Dispositional Reports

  • Juvenile Justice Bench Books

• Courtroom shackling 2015

  Courtroom shackling is restricted legislatively

• Competency 2015

  • No juvenile standard

  • Juvenile standard is the adult standard

  • Juvenile justice standard exists

  • JJ standard includes developmental immaturity

• State details National comparison

Juvenile justice services ^[7]

Every state has a set of laws establishing a system of juvenile courts and a corresponding intervention system commonly referred to as juvenile justice services. The different frameworks effectively create 51 distinctly different juvenile justice systems.

• Purpose clauses 2016

  • No clause

  • Parens patriae

  • Due process era

  • Balanced and Restorative Justice (BARJ)

  • Developmental Approach

• Organization structure 2022

  • Overall

    State operated

  • Detention

    State operated

  • Probation

    State operated

  • Reentry

    State operated

  • Reentry

    Locally operated

• Corrections agency 2015

  • Independent juvenile corrections agency

  • Family/child welfare agency or division

  • Broad human services agency

  • Adult corrections agency or division

• Intake and diversion 2016

  Initial intake and diversion decision is at the discretion of the juvenile court intake officer and statutory time limits for pre- & post-petition court diversions exist.

• Solitary confinement 2016

  • Prohibits punitive confinement

  • Limits punitive confinement

  • No limits on punitive confinement

  • Did not respond

• Release decision 2016

  • Agency

  • Court

  • Parole board

  • Agency and court

• Risk assessment 2020

  • Statewide uniform assessment

  • Layered/regional assessment

  • Locally administered assessment

• Sex offense registry 2015

  Does not register

• Risk instruments 2017

  • Statute or agency policy

  • Agency recommended

  Brief Risk Assessment Tool & Juvenile Assessment Generic

• Mental health screening 2014

  Required in the following services:

  • Secure detention

  • Probation

  • Corrections

• EBP support center 2014

  Has a support center or collaboratives dedicated to coordinating activities around implementing, evaluating, and sustaining EBPs.

• Recidivism indicators 2016

  • Study populations: Supervision
  • Re-offense events: Arrest
  • Follow-up periods: 24 months with interval and adult systems reporting
• State details National comparison

Status offense issues ^[8]

A wide range of non-criminal behaviors by youth are grouped as status offenses. Actions such as truancy, running away or acting stubborn can thrust an adolescent into formal juvenile court actions for services and safety but also where their liberty may be at-risk.

• Labeling 2015

  Spectrum of labels

  Victim Child welfare perspective

  Offender Public safety perspective

  • In need of aid, assistance, or care

  • In need of services

  • In need of supervision

  • Unruly

  • Status offender

• Age boundaries 2016

  • Status offense jurisdiction: 7 through 17 years old
  • Delinquency jurisdiction: 7 through 17 years old

• Reported data

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• State details National comparison

Systems integration ^[9][10][11]

Youth involved in more than one system require special attention and coordination.  State and local policy-makers are increasingly sharing data concerning dual status youth and establishing a wide range of exciting coordination models.

• Agency integration 2016

  Separate state-level centralized agencies

• State coordination 2014

  • Data sharing

  • Committees or advisory groups

  • Formal interagency MOUs

  • Informal interagency agreements

  • Statute and/or court rules

• Reported data

  
  

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• State details National comparison

Data sources

1. ^ ^{a b c d} Easy Access to FBI Arrest Statistics
   For offense category definitions, please see the glossary.
2. ^ ^{a b c d e f g} Easy Access to Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement
   For offense category definitions, please see the glossary.
3. ^ The Annual Report of the Chief Public Defender
   Susan O. Story, Connecticut Division of Public Defender Services
4. ^ Annual Report of The Chief Public Defender
   Connecticut Division of Public Defender Services
5. ^ A Second Reassessment of Disproportionate Minority Contact in Connecticut's Juvenile Justice System
   Connecticut Office of Policy and Management Criminal Justice Policy and Planning Division
6. ^ Biennial Report on Disproportionate Minority Contact Fiscal Years 2010-2011
   Connecticut Office of Policy Management
7. ^ Program Report Card: Juvenile Probation
   State of Connecticut Judicial Branch
8. ^ Judicial Branch Statistics - Juvenile Cases
   Connecticut Judicial Branch
9. ^ Annual Progress and Services Report
   State of Connecticut, Department of Children and Families
10. ^ Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act State Plan (CAPTA)
    State of Connecticut, Department of Children and Families
11. ^ Child and Family Services Plan (CFSP)
    State of Connecticut, Department of Children and Families

State resources

Juvenile justice leadership

• Connecticut Juvenile Justice Advisory Committee is the state advisory group (SAG).
• Is the federally required, 3-year state juvenile justice federal formula grant plan available on the SAG website?  No.
• Connecticut Judicial Branch, Juvenile Matters, Court Support Services Division (CSSD) provides juvenile probation supervision through court offices organized by judicial district [see Judicial Assignments (Family Division, Juvenile, Part J) and Judicial Branch Directories, including juvenile probation directory].
• Connecticut Department of Children and Families (DCF) provides juvenile parole/aftercare (see office Map or List).
• Juvenile Justice Policy and Oversight Committee (JJPOC)

Other stakeholders

• Connecticut Department of Children and Families
• Connecticut Office of Policy and Management; Division of Criminal Justice Policy and Planning; Research, Analysis, and Evaluation Unit is the statistical analysis center (SAC)
• Connecticut Office of Chief Court Administrator

Policy (legal) research

• Connecticut Statutes contain juvenile-related sections in Title 46b (Family Law) and Chapter 815t (Juvenile Matters)
• Connecticut Regulations: Title 17 - Public Assistance and Welfare Services and Title 17a - Social and Human Services and Resources
• Connecticut Court Rules Practice Book (Chapters 26-31)
• Connecticut Bar Association

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